Graphic Design Lecture Notes (week 2)

Bison and horses c. 15.000 - 10.000 B.C.

1305 - Giotto di Bondone - Arena Chapel
communicating story through visual language - symbols / icons - general public can't read - have to learn through image.

1886 - Pears soup - John Everett Millais - advert "bubbles"
Type with image.
Term Graphic Design - 1922 - William Addison Dwiggins (successful designer)

Richard Hollis - making / choosing marks and arranging them to convey and idea.

Paul Rand - persuade / inform and consider spectators reactions and own aesthetic needs.

Have to consider advertising in graphic design.
Edouart Manet - 1832 A Bar at the Folies Bergeres 1882.
1893 - Henri de Toulouse- Lautrec- Aristide Bruant 1893

War pushed graphic design for posters .
Alfred Leete - "Britons (Kitchener) wants you!" 1914
James Montgomery Flagg, "I want you for the U.S. army", 1917.
El Lissitzky 1919 poster "Beat the whites with the Red wedge". About getting message across when people cannot read.
Underground map - Harry Beck - 1933 - change from old to modern map - Simon Patterson 1967 - "The great bear" based on underground map (has it now been turned into fine art?)Oskar Schlemmer - German - Bauhaus logo - 1922 - one of the first schools to teach graphic design.
Herbert Matter - Swiss tourist board - 1932 - Swiss identity - influential style "Swiss design".
In 1927 - design / designers being celebrated / recognised.
1930's German posters - many designers leave for America / Britons because Nazi's are anti-modernist.
Degenerate art 1936 poster ironic because it got picked because Hitler hated this kind of design and he judged it.
Lots of better graphic design comes from the first World War - Russian posters 1930 - simple colour - bold designs (Lissitzky).
Paul Rand - advert 1946 for Jacquelire Cochran - moving into Pop art era - more experimental type layout.Saul Bass 1950's posters - simple approximations of form - abstract in own way.
Paul Rand logos 1962 "abc" - moving more into a corporate world.
Try to give graphic design intellectual and philosophical pursuit.
First things first manifesto (Ken Gorland) 1964 - graphic designer try to separate themselves from advertising.
Punk was a reaction to problems in society - Jamie Reid - Never mind the Bollocks (Sex Pistols) 1977.
New order, Blue Monday 1983 - record sleeve - loosing money on record sleeve cost.

David Carson - Ray gun (grunge era) - not very legible but visually interesting.
"Don't mistake legibility for communication".

(reference - Naomi Klein, Truth in Advertising, 2000 (in Looking Closer 4, page 64)
Culture now is turning towards subvertising (Adbusters) - culture jamming, raise awareness of the bad behind some companies / adverts etc.